Defects detectable by different probes

  Defects detectable by different probes

a) 0 deg / Normal probe

1. Horizontal split in head due to presence  of seams (type 212)
2. Horizontal split in head-web and web foot junction due to presence of rolling  seams (type 2321, 2322)
3. Vertical longitudinal split in rail head and web due to presence of internal seams and pipes (type 213, 233)
4. Bolt hole crack (type 135, 235)
5. Segregation in head and web junction
6. Flakes (type 1211, 2211)
7. Web-lap (type 239)

b) 70 deg angle probe

1. Transverse fissure (type 211) due to presence of mostly shatter cracks and some time due heavy inclusions.
2. Transverse cracks originating from surface defects like scab (type 1221, 2221)
3. Wheel burns (type 2251, 2252)
4. Shelling cracks (type 1222, 2222)

c) 37 deg angle probe

1. Bolt hole cracks (type 135, 235)